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Table of Content
20 November 2017 Volume 36 Issue 11
The two properties of the field lines are the expression of the two theorems of electrostatics
LIANG Can-bin1，CAO Zou-jian2，CHEN Zhi-tao3
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 1-4. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.001
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It is well known that field lines should start only at plus charges and stop at minus charges. This conclusion is referred to as property 1 of field lines. Do you know that this property is the logical result of Gauss' theorem? A few textbooks thus make a logical error by“proving”Gauss' theorem using this property.
Introducing Mathematica to explore the teaching of tunneling model for α decay in nuclear physics
LIU Jian，WANG Dian-sheng，ZHANG Li-hong，LIU Chao-zhuo，QI Peng
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 5-11. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.002
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α decay in nuclear physics is a typical quantum tunnel effect. The tunneling model can well describe the experimental results of α decay, which contains abundant physics thoughts and clever mathematic processing. However, the mathematical derivations and calculations are very complicated for the tunneling model. Therefore, in order to avoid the complicated mathematical calculations and directly embody the physical concept, the Mathematica are introduced to carry out the teaching of tunneling model for α decay. With the strong function of sign-reducing and numerical calculation, the complicated mathematical derivations and numerical calculations can be easily accomplished. By visualizing the theoretical results of different nuclear potential, Mathematica can also dynamically display the physical picture of tunneling model of α decay. Introducing the mathematical software in nuclear physical teaching can effectively increase teaching efficiency, develop the students' self-regulated learning ability, and improve the teaching quality.
Research on the ground state energies of lithium-like atoms using double-parameter perturbation method
WU Feng，MENG Li-juan
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 12-14. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.003
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1331
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We develop the double - parameter perturbation method to study the ground state energies of lithium-like atoms. The calculated first-level approximate results are in well agreement with experiment within a relative error of 0.2%.
The local vibration mode induced by an impurity in a diatomic linear chain with on-site potential and the Secondary neighbor interactions
LV Kui1，TONG Guo-ping2
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 15-17. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.004
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1033
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Considering the Secondary neighbor interactions between the atoms in a diatomic linear chain with on-site potential, the lattice vibration equation of the diatomic chain with an impurity are solved, and the basic feature of the effect of on-site potential and the Secondary neighbor interaction on the symmetric local vibration are given.
The if-and-only-if conditions for the spring's static deformation vanishing from the intrinsic frequency of a single-degree-of-freedom system
CHEN Kui-fu
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 18-24. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.005
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1213
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Nearly all of examples in vibration textbooks are characterized by the intrinsic frequency not implicated by the spring's static deformation. However，there exist indeed counter examples. We consider the case of the single-degree-of-freedom system and investigate its if-and-only-if conditions for the spring's static deformation vanishing from the intrinsic frequency expression. The generalized coordinates rendering a constant generalized mass are used，consequently，only the potential energy is analyzed. After systematically theoretical analysis，we find that the vanishing conditions pertain to parameters of the static balance position ( SBP) . The if-and-only-if conditions are that，firstly，the spring axis must be tangential to its moving end trajectory at the SBP，and secondly，if the displacement arc of the spring moving end is chosen as the generalized coordinate，the derivative of the generalized mass with respect to the arc coordinate must be zero at the SBP.
Calculation of the electric field and capacitance between two confocal elliptic conductor tubes
JIA Xiu-min
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 25-26. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.006
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1265
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According to the confocal elliptic function，the Laplace equation is transformed into an integral operation，and then distribution of the electric field and capacitance between two confocal elliptic conductor tubes are calculated.
The electric field and charge surface density of a charge column-shaped conductor
JIANG Bao-jun1，WANG Fu-qian1，2
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 27-31. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.007
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1315
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The electric field and charge surface density of a charge column-shaped conductor are solved by using the conformal mapping and transformation relation and its electric field distribution is simulated numerically by using the software MATLAB. Further more，the distribution curve of charge surface density is plotted.
Discussion on the Wave Function expressed by the complex number
XIANG Mei，MA Xiao-dong，LU Jun-zhe，WEI Wei
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 32-34. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.008
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By a comparative study of the Schrdinger equation，the time and space translation symmetry and the physical meaning of wave function，we take the free particle as an example to discuss the reason why the plane harmonic wave in quantum mechanics should be expressed by the complex number.
Autocorrelator based on Michelson interferometer
LIU Wen-jun，REN Shou-tian，PAN Yu-zhai，SUN Zheng-he，GUO Guan-jun，GAO Ren-xi
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 35-37. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.009
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2219
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The Michelson interferometer is a common configuration for optical interferometry and has been employed in many scientific experiments. The principle of the autocorrelator based on Michelson interferometer configuration for interference autocorrelation measurement of ultrashort laser pulses is analyzed. An autocorrelator is constructed and the experiments are carried out. Good experimental results have been obtained.
The photoelectric detection with micron grade aperture size
ZHANG Cheng-yun，LIU Zuo-lian，CHENG Lang，MA Hao，ZHOU Bin
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 38-40. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.010
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1316
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718
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It is important to measure micron grade of the aperture size in the field of industrial production. Based on the Fraunhofer diffraction principle of circular hole，there is a circular diffraction pattern on the receiving screen when laser passes through a small hole，the laser fluency in the area of the airy disk changes with the aperture size. Photovoltaic cell as the photoelectric detector only receives the laser intensity signal at the center of airy disk but not the higher order diffraction rings. The voltage value transformed from the photovoltaic cell includes the aperture size. The detection system is built with single - chip microcomputer and dual optical path. After calibration test using known aperture size，the relation between the output voltage signal and aperture size can be acquired. The functional relation of the detection system can be obtained by linear fitting the experimental results.Experimental result shows that this system can test the aperture sizes varied from 50 to 300 μm.
Measurement system for the restitution coefficient of one dimensional elastic collision based on piezoelectric sensor
YAN Xiang-hong，LI Hui，QI Peng，LIN Ya-ning
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 41-44. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.011
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963
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Based on piezoelectric sensor and high speed data acquisition card，a measuring system for the restitution coefficient of elastic collision is introduced，and it is verified by experiment. Based on USB-1616HS high-speed data acquisition card real-time capture collision signal between the ball and the plate，by processing the collected collision waveform sequence，the interval of collision time between two adjacent elastic collision is obtained，and then the coefficient of restitution can be calculated.The experimental results show that this measurement system has the characteristics of simple structure，clear principle and high precision.
The innovation methods and scientific contribution of Huang Kun
HOU Yu-de1，MA Qing-qing2
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 45-49. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.012
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Huang Kun was a very known physicist of China，and he also was a world-class physicist. He had a outstanding academic career，the experience in which Huang Kun became a physicist is worthy of researching，the young scholars and students could benefit from learning it. The innovation methods and strict science attitude of Huang Kun are worth researching in depth. Huang Kun's scientific contribution，especially what he did to the physics of new China，should enter the history of physics.
The history of Solvay conference on physics and its enlightenment
HU Yu-chen，LU Jian-long
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 50-57. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.013
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The Solvay Conference on physics，which began in 1911，was one of the earliest internationally renowned series of academic conferences，which had an important place in the history of physics because of the important impact on the development of physics. This paper divides the 26th Solvay physics，which is held on more than 100 years，into four core themes for a more systematic and in-depth discussion，sketched out the development of more than 100 years of physical characteristics，which also enriched the educational function of the history of physics.
Analysis of Transmission Characteristics of multi-load wireless power transmission system via magnetic coupling resonance
LIU Bing，ZHANG Li-hong，CHEN Wen-juan，YUAN Shun-dong，XU Sheng-nan
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 58-63. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.014
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In order to remedy the situation of selecting optimal number of load in the multi-load wireless power transmission system via magnetic coupling resonance，the theoretical relationship between the total efficiency of the system and the number of the load is established with circuit model. When symmetric and asymmetric arrangement of multiple coils are took into account，the optimal number of load corresponding to the saturated total efficiency is quantitatively calculated，and the influences of coil radius and transmission distance on the selection of the optimal number of load are investigated in detail. The conclusion for optimal number of load mainly depends on the coil radius is obtained. Finally，the simulation platform is built by ADS 2015 and the correctness of theoretical analysis is verified.
The comparative analysis on the current situation of the teaching of physics theory in medical specialty
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 64-69. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.015
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1011
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According to the two survey data of 2016 and 2004 and based on the status of the physical theory teaching，we perform comparative analysis of ordinary colleges and universities of clinical medicine，anesthesiology，medical imaging，oral medicine，preventive medicine，points out the main problems and countermeasures.
A elemental solution of three-body problem
YANG Jie1，JIANG Fu-jin2， QIU Wei-gang1
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 70-72. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.016
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Three different body，which attracts each other only by gravitation，can travel along vertexes of an rotating equilateral triangle with changing length under special initial velocity condition. Numerical solution confirms this conclusion and gives these periodical trajectories.
Experimental research on measuring the earth's rotation with Bravais pendulum
YANG Yang1，XIE Li-kun1，LIU Sang1，XV Fei2，LI Duo1
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 73-77. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.017
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The earth s rotation brings a lot of non - inertial effects. It is a significant aspect of physics experimental research to measure rotational angular velocity of the earth quantitatively with these effects. Among them，Bravais pendulum can no longer present the effect of the earth qualitatively，but also provides a method to measure its rotation period precisely. We explore the experiment deeply which is conducted to measure the earth s angular velocity by the difference of periods clockwise and counterclockwise. We also analyze the key factors that influence the accuracy of measurement and discusses the ways to control the experimental errors. Finally，we get the result with 2. 25% deviation compared to the standard value. Since the difference caused by the earth s rotation between periods clockwise and counterclockwise is quite tiny and there are abundant factors influencing the measurement of periods，to control the major errors becomes vital to the success of this experiment. We introduce the ways to control the condition and some analysis of some important deviation sources. It can ben taken as a reference for measuring rotational angular velocity of the earth under plain condition.
Exploring the difference of ultrasonic grating diffraction in non-electrolyte and electrolyte solution
JIA Qi-fei，LEI Hong-bin，LV Lin-zheng，CUI Li-bin
College Physics. 2017, 36(11): 78-81. doi:
10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.11.018
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Experimentally exploring the difference of ultrasonic grating diffraction in non-electrolyte and electrolyte solution.The results showed that light intensity of the electrolyte solution is lower than the light intensity of the electrolyte solution,and the higher the electrolyte electrolyte concentration in the solution is, the weaker the light intensity is. By solving maxwell's equations, in the secondary approximation, the first and second level diffraction light amplitude in electrolyte solution are obtained.It is proved theoretically that because there are a lot of charged ions in the electrolyte solution, so that the diffraction intensity has obvious drop. Theoretical results are consistent with experimental phenomena.
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