大学物理 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 32-.doi: 10.16854 / j.cnki.1000-0712.200506

• 教学讨论 • 上一篇    下一篇

狭义相对论中质量与速度关系的特色推导方法

冯仕猛   

  1. 上海交通大学 物理与天文学院,上海 200240
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-11 修回日期:2021-01-22 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-06-18
  • 作者简介:冯仕猛( 1964—) ,男,贵州遵义人,上海交通大学物理与天文学院教师,博士,主要从事物理的教学和研究.  
  • 基金资助:
    上海交通大学教学发展基金; 上海交通大学课程思政基金资助

A deduction method of mass-velocity relationship in special theory of relativity

FENG Shi-meng   

  1. School of Physics and Astronomy,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China
  • Received:2020-11-11 Revised:2021-01-22 Online:2021-06-20 Published:2021-06-18

摘要: 质速关系是相对论的一个重要结论,大多数教材均采用两个物体在发生完全非弹性碰撞的过程中,从不同参照系去看其速度变化来推导质速关系.本文利用狭义相对论时空的洛伦兹变换证明运动方向上力在两个惯性参照系中的不变性,然后直接利用牛顿第二定律推导出质量与速度的关系,这种推导方式相对比较简洁,利于低年级大学生的理解.

关键词: 相对论, 运动质量, 静止质量, 质速关系

Abstract: The mass-velocity relationship is an important conclusion of the theory of relativity.

Most textbooks use two objects to collide completely in-elastically for observing the speed

change from different frames of refer- ence,and obtain the mass-speed relationship. This paper

uses the Lorentz transformation of space-time in the spe- cial theory of relativity to prove the

invariance of the force in the direction of motion in the two inertial reference

frames. Then,Newton's second law is directly to derive the relationship between mass and

speed. This derivation method is relatively simple. which is very conducive to the

understanding of junior college students.

Key words: relativity, moving mass, rest mass, mass-velocity relationship