利用相对论平均自洽场理论，研究了电子相对论径向波函数的基本特征. 电子相对论径向波函数大小分量的数量级通常相差悬殊且不“同步”，核外电子的径向分布没有严格的零概率点; 束缚电子相对论径向波函数大小分量的节点个数为n - l - 1、波腹个数为n - l，而自由电子的节点和波腹数则趋于无穷大. 电子相对论径向波函数反映了相对论效应的基本特征: 相对论效应越强，小分量振幅相对越大，自由电子径向波函数振荡越剧烈.

The fundamental properties of electron relativistic radial wave functions have been studied theoretically based on the relativistic average self - consistent field. Usually，the small - component of relativistic radial wave functions is several orders of magnitudes less than the large - component，and is not generally synchronous with the large - component，so the radial probability density of electron has no exact zeros. The number of nodes for bound electron large - or small - component is n - l - 1，so that the number of antinodes is n - l，but the number of nodes and antinodes for free electron just turn to infinite. The radial wave functions are extremely sensitive to the relativistic effects，the amplitude of small - component increases with increasing relativistic effects，as well as the oscillating intensity of large，small - component for free electron.