一般大学物理教材中都有求解出地球表面温度的例子或习题，能否扩展到估算对流层大气温度随高度而降低的规律? 本文探索建立了地球和对流层分层大气模型，依据最新的大气吸收率、辐射率来计算分层大气的相关参数，再利用辐射能量平衡和斯特藩-玻尔兹曼定律，估算对流层温度高度廓线.计算结果表明: 对流层分为5 层时，估算出的地球表面温度和各层大气温度，与美国标准大气模型中地球表面温度及对流层大气温度随高度降低率6.5 K/km 符合较好.

In general， there is an example of estimating the surface temperature in the quantum physics part of college physics，however，can this method be extended to estimate the tropospheric temperature profile? In this paper， the earth and multi-layer model of troposphere is established; according to the latest atmospheric absorption and radiation constant， the related parameters of multi - layer model of troposphere are calculated; using the radiation energy balance and Stefan - Boltzmann law，the tropospheric temperature profile is estimated. The calculated results show that in 5 - layers model of the troposphere， the estimated surface temperature and the tropospheric temperature profile are in well agreement with the actual surface average temperature and the 　　tropospheric temperature lowered ratio 6.5K/km under the standard atmosphere model.