本文从物理学和凝聚态物理的大背景出发，评述了2016 年诺贝尔物理学奖的获奖成就及其科学背景和后续发展. 在描述了相和相变后，解释了拓扑相变如何绕过相变的维度限制，拓扑是如何揭示量子霍尔效应的实质并导致陈绝缘体，以及拓扑是如何使得1 维反铁磁体的特性依赖于自旋量子数是整数或半整数.

Starting with the general background of physics and condensed matter physics，the author describes he awarded achievements of 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics，as well as their scientific backgrounds and later development. After exposing the phase and phase transitions，the author explains how topological phase transitions go around the constraint of the dimension，how topology is the key to the essence of quantum Hall effect and leads to Chern insulator，as well as how topology makes the one-dimensional antiferromagnet depends on whether the spin quantum number is an integer or a half-integer.