2015 年9 月14 日，LIGO 实现了人类的第一次引力波直接探测. 该实验结果在2016 年2 月公布，并被命名为 GW150914.随后引力波探测的进展非常迅速. 到目前为止已确认双黑洞并合引力波探测结果4 例，分别包括GW150914， GW151226，GW170104 和GW170814.已确认的双中子星并合引力波探测结果1 例，GW170817.另外还有疑似双黑洞并合引力 波探测结果1 例LVT151012.受引力波探测的驱动，关于引力波的物理学和天文学研究在2016 年以来发展也异常的迅速.本文 将对引力波探测和引力波天文学相关的理论物理问题做简要的介绍和展望.特别是引力波天文学能够研究的理论物理问题、 引力波数据处理所涉及的理论问题和引力波理论描述的问题，本文做了较为详细和深入的介绍，同时还讲述了著名科学家如 爱因斯坦等在相关问题上的研究故事.

LIGO successfully got the first gravitational wave detection on September 14，2015. This result was anounced on February 11，2016. And this event is named GW150914. Afterwards gravitational wave detection develops very fast. So far gravitational wave events resulted from binary black hole merger have been detected 4 times， including GW150914，GW151226，GW170104 and GW170814. One gravitational wave event resulted from　binary neutron star merger，GW170817，has also been detected. In addition one more detection from binary black hole merger，LVT151012，has been recorded. Inspired by the gravity wave detection， the research on gravitational wave physics and gravitational wave astronomy has developed very fast since 2016. This paper makes a brief introduction and discussion on the detection of gravitational waves and gravitational wave astronomy especially in the theoretical physics respect.