星球自转角速度的上限

教学讨论

星球自转角速度的上限

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于凤军( 1959—) ，男，河南安阳人，安阳师范学院物理与电气工程学院教授，主要从事理论物理、天体

收稿日期: 2018-10-02

修回日期: 2018-12-14

网络出版日期: 2019-07-02

基金资助

河南省科技攻关项目( 172102210092) 资助

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Upper limit of planetary rotation speed

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College of Physics and Electrical Engineering，Anyang Normal University，Anyang Henan 455000，China

Received date: 2018-10-02

Revised date: 2018-12-14

Online published: 2019-07-02

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许多星球都有自转运动，在随星球转动的参考系中，星球的各质点受到惯性离心力的作用，使其呈现扁旋转椭球

形状. 转动越快，惯性离心力越大，当转速大于某临界值时星球会破裂. 本文从最小势能原理出发，严格计算星球自转角速

度的上限.

关键词： 星球; 角速度; 引力; 惯性离心力; 最小势能原理

于凤军, 汤振杰, 田俊龙 . 星球自转角速度的上限[J]. 大学物理, 2019 , 38(6) : 8 . DOI: 10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180544

Many planets have rotational motions. In a reference frame rotating with the planet，the mass point

of the planet is subjected to an inertial centrifugal force，which makes it appear as a flat rotating ellipsoid. The faster

the planet rotates，the greater the centrifugal force of inertia is. When the speed is greater than a critical value，

the planet will break. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy，the upper limit of planetary rotation

　　speed is strictly calculated.

Key words： planet; angular velocity; gravity; centrifugal force of inertia; principle of minimum potential energy

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