根据PN 结正向伏安特性测玻尔兹曼常量的原理，在实验中使用二极管和三极管作为PN 结的替代样品分别进行了测量，结果显示直接利用二极管测得的玻尔兹曼常量值比理论值偏大，这与一些文献提出的直接利用二极管测出的玻尔兹曼常量值往往偏小的观点不一致，本文从扩散电流、复合电流和表面电流的公式出发，从理论上分析并解释了玻尔兹曼常量值偏大的原因; 而使用三极管构成的共基级电路，减少了复合电流和表面电流的影响，得到的玻尔兹曼常量值与理论值一致.

According to the principle of measuring Boltzmann constant based on the ampere-volt characteristic of PN junction，the diode and triode are used as the substitute samples of PN junction in the experiments. The result has shown that the Boltzmann constant measured directly by the diode is larger than the theoretical value which is inconsistent with the results in some literatures. Then the reason is analyzed based on the factors of diffusion current， recombination current and surface current. The Boltzmann constant measured by using the base-level circuit composed of triode is relatively more accurate because of the influence of recombination current and surface current being reduced.