为了研究采用He-Ne 激光器光源的迈克耳孙干涉仪干涉条纹特性，利用等效光路的方法计算了相干光的光程差，理论分析了等倾干涉条纹的特点，研究发现干涉条纹偏心主要是由两反射镜不严格垂直或者激光束与扩束镜不严格垂直引起的.基于Matlab 软件，编写了干涉仪的仿真程序MIGUI 并与实验结果进行了对比，MIGUI 不仅能够准确地模拟测量波长的实验过程，还能够方便地调节影响干涉条纹的5 个参数，定量地研究条纹光强分布情况.最后，利用MIGUI 研究了动镜及扩束镜位置对于干涉条纹的影响，发现动镜位置改变对条纹半径的影响远大于后者.

Equivalent optical path method is used to study the optical path difference，the characteristics of interference fringes of Michelson interferometer by using He-Ne laser source is also analyzed theoretically. It is found that off-center problem of the interference fringes is mainly caused by the no perpendicularity of the two mirrors or the laser and the beam expander. Based on the software of Matlab，a simulation program MIGUI for Michelson interferometer is designed. MIGUI can not only accurately simulate the process of wavelength measurement，but also simply adjust the five parameters affecting interference fringes and study the intensity distribution of fringes quantitatively. Finally，MIGUI is used to study the influence of the position of the moving mirror and the beam expander on the interference fringes. It is found that the change of the position of the moving mirror has a greater effect on the fringe radius than the latter.