量子化能级、量子态叠加和量子态纠缠等量子力学特性的宏观器件，目前被广泛应用于量子物理、原子物理、量子光学、量子

化学、量子模拟和量子计算等诸多领域中.本文将重点讨论位相、电荷、传输子以及磁通型超导量子比特的基本原理及其器件

结构，并讨论器件的制备方法和量子态测量技术，最后对基于超导量子比特开展的物理问题的研究做一简单介绍.

supercon- ducting quantum computing is attracting more and more attention around the globe.

Superconducting quantum bits ( qubits) are macroscopic devices with fundamental quantum

properties such as energy-level quantization，quantum- state superposition and quantum-state

entanglement. They provide an excellent platform for the studies in many fields such as

quantum physics，atomic physics，quantum optics，quantum chemistry，quantum simulation，quantum

computing，and so on. In this article，we discuss the basic principles and structures of the

superconducting phase-， charge-，transmon-，and flux-type qubits，as well as their device

design and fabrication process. We also present a brief introduction to the rich research

areas based upon the superconducting qubit architecture.