二次量子化是研究生和高年级本科生量子力学课程中的重要内容.如何从一次量子化中的多粒子哈密顿量及波函数出发，自然地导出二次量子化中由产生和湮没算符表示的单体和两体算符，是一个既关键且又使初学者较难理解的步骤.以全同费米子系统为例，本文给出该步骤的一种自然且具有启发性的推导方法.该方法仅依赖于：多粒子波函数的对称性假设， Fock 空间中“ 真空填充” 的概念，以及全反对称多粒子波函数与Fock 态的等价性.

Second quantization is an important topic in postgraduate and senior undergraduate level Quantum Mechanics course. A key step in the development of the second-quantization formalism is the derivation of one- and two-body operators from the many-particle Hamiltonian and wave functions in the firstquantization language, which is usually difficult to understand for beginners. Taking the case of an assembly of identical fermions as an example, this paper provides a less ad hoc and intuitive derivation based only on the symmetrization postulate, the concept of “filling the vacuum” in the Fock space, and equivalence between the antisymmetrized many-particle wave function and the Fock state.