元激发或准粒子用于描述宏观物体处于低激发态时的物理性质.不同物理模型对应着不同准粒子,这些独立的准粒子的集合体，使本来复杂的多体问题变得易于处理.在三维及以上的空间中，按照粒子的自旋属性，自旋为半奇数的符合费米-狄拉克统计，自旋为整数的符合玻色-爱因斯坦统计.1977年，Leinaas和Myrheim在研究二维空间拓扑性质后，提出一种遵循分数统计规律的准粒子——任意子，随着二维物理系统的发展，任意子从纯理论研究成为实际研究对象.

The concept of quasiparticle or elementary excitations can be used to describe the physical properties of a macroscopic object in a low-excited state. Different physical models correspond to different quasiparticles, and these quasiparticles make the complicated multi-body problem easier to deal with. In three or more than three-dimensional space, according to the spin properties of particles, particles with half-integer and integer spin are consistent with Fermi-Dirac statistics and Bose-Einstein statistics, respectively. In 1977, after studying the topological properties of two-dimensional space by Leinaas and Myrheim, a kind of quasiparticle-anyon with the fractional statistics is proposed. With the development of two-dimensional physical systems, anyon has changed from pure theoretical research to practical research object.