涡旋光束所具有的特殊动力学和量子性质，使其在通信领域、医学领域具有重大的研究价值，这些性质都与其独特的相位结构息息相关.随着研究的深入，涡旋光束在介质中的传输特性也得到了广泛关注.本文主要对涡旋光束在分层介质中的相位特性进行研究，以线偏振的矢量拉盖尔-高斯（Laguerre-Gaussian,LG）光束为例，根据传输矩阵、波分解以及洛伦兹变换的方法对其在自由空间、静止分层介质以及高速运动介质的相位变化进行分析，发现反射涡旋光束和透射涡旋光束的相位旋转方向与波矢量有关，并且其相位结构会随着入射角和介质运动速度的变化发生改变.

The vortex beam has special dynamics and quantum properties, so it has great research value in the field of communication and medicine. These properties are closely related to its unique phase structure. With the deepening of research, the propagation characteristics of vortex beams in the medium have also received extensive attention. This paper mainly studies the phase characteristics of vortex beams in layered media. Taking the linearly polarized vector Laguerre-Gaussian beam as an example, according to the method of transmission matrix, wave decomposition and Lorentz transformation, we analyze its phase change in free space, single-layer medium, high-speed moving medium and multi-layer medium. It is found that the phase rotation direction of the reflected vortex beam and the transmitted vortex beam is related to the wave vector, and the phase structure will change with the change of the incident angle.