自由能和晶体是基础物理教学的重要内容. 晶体是固态的热力学稳定系统,是大量原子的三维周期性堆积. 原子间相互作用的多样性,表明原子的三维周期性堆积应该是普遍因素决定的,是自然界的规律. 本文重点论述了原子的三维周期性堆积是体系自由能极小原理的几何等价物. 本文诣在培养学生自主发现事物的内在联系、探索自然现象背后蕴含的物理学规律的能力.

Free energy and crystals are important contents in the teaching of basic physics. Crystals are thermodynamically stable solid state systems, which are three-dimensional periodic stacking of large numbers of atoms. The diversity of interactions between atoms indicates that the threedimensional periodic stacking of atoms should be determined by universal factor, which is the law of nature. It is emphasized that the three-dimensional periodic stacking of atoms is the geometric equivalent of the principle of minimum free energy of the system. It is aimed to cultivate students to discover the inner connection of things, and to explore the laws of physics behind natural phenomena.