本文利用有限温度场论的方法及Friedberg-Lee模型，推导了有限温度下夸克物质相变过程中的有效势，场方程以及气泡和液滴的物理学量相关公式，并在不同边界条件下采用数值方法严格求解出了气泡解与液滴解.结合气泡或液滴核合成唯象模型，分析了气泡和液滴在相变过程中的形成机制，讨论了其对相变的影响.同时利用数值结果研究了气泡和液滴的物理性质，并将两类结果进行了对比，阐明了气泡或液滴在相变过程中的变化规律和物理图像.

By using finite temperature field theory and F-L model, we derive the effective potential at finite temperature as well as the field equations and related physical quantities of bubbles and droplets in the first order phase transition of the quark matter. Under different boundary conditions the bubble or droplet solutions are numerically solved. Through bubble or droplet nucleation phenomenological model, the formation mechanism of bubbles and droplets in the quark/hadron phase transition is analyzed. The properties of bubbles and droplets are numerically studied by comparison through which the physical pictures and variation features of bubbles and droplets in the phase transition have been illustrated. Our methods and results may have possible applications in the study of the system of QGP phase transition for experiments on heavy ion collisions and the neutron star structures or the evolution of the cosmological phase transition in the early universe.