光的衍射现象是光的基本现象之一.对于复杂结构的衍射，一般难以直接推导出解析解.为得到复杂结构的夫琅和费衍射，本文采用耳切法将复杂结构近似剖分为多个三角形，则复杂结构的衍射场可以分解为多个三角形衍射场的叠加.而每个任意三角形的傅里叶变换的计算，则可以通过坐标变换操作，转换为基础直角三角形的傅里叶变换的计算.进一步搭建夫琅和费衍射实验光路，得到了不同孔径的衍射场分布，并且分析计算了正多边形结构衍射场角分布的不确定度，验证了解析算法的可行性及准确性.最后，计算了复杂分形结构的衍射场，验证算法在复杂结构衍射场计算有效性.

Diffraction is a fundamental phenomenon in optics. Deriving an analytical solution for the diffraction of complex apertures is generally challenging. To obtain the Fraunhofer diffraction patterns of complex apertures, the ear-clipping method is employed to approximate the aperture by dividing it into multiple triangles. Consequently, the total diffraction field of the aperture can be expressed as a superposition of the diffraction fields of these triangles. The Fourier transform of each arbitrary triangle is computed by converting it, through coordinate transformation, into the Fourier transform of a basic right triangle. Subsequently, an experimental setup for Fraunhofer diffraction is constructed to measure the diffraction field distribution for different apertures. The angular distribution uncertainty is calculated to analyze the diffraction field of regular polygonal apertures, verifying the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed analytical algorithm. Finally, the diffraction field of complex fractal apertures is computed and the algorithm's effectiveness in calculating diffraction fields of complex apertures is demonstrated