β射线吸收作为核物理重要现象之一，其被广泛运用于生产和医疗等方面. 然而由于核物理实验条件的限制，难以在高校开展相关物理实验研究.本文以蒙特卡罗计算软件Geant4模拟方法为基础建立物理模型，对β射线吸收过程进行了3D虚拟仿真设计与开发，实现3D模拟环境下对β射线吸收规律的研究. 通过分析铝吸收片对137Cs放射源的吸收数据，发现吸收系数法相比于最大射程法更接近β射线最大能量的理论值；原子序数越大的材料中单位质量厚度的能损越大.β射线吸收虚拟仿真研究不仅让学生了解β射线吸收规律，同时培养了学生的动手能力和创新型思维.

 As one of the important phenomena in nuclear physics, the principle of beta ray absorption experiment is widely used in production and medical fields. However, due to the limitations of specific experimental conditions, it is difficult to carry out relevant physics experiments in the universities. The beta ray absorption experiment process is simulated and developed by Monte Carlo calculation software Geant4. By Monte Carlo simulation method and 3D simulation technology, the characteristics of beta ray absorption is studied in the 3D simulation environment. By analyzing the absorption data of aluminum absorption plates on 137Cs radiation sources, it is found that the absorption coefficient method is closer to the theoretical value compared to the maximum range method. The energy loss per unit mass thickness is greater with the greater atomic number of a material. The virtual simulation of beta ray absorption enables the students to understand the absorption law of beta ray. At the same time, it cultivates the students' operational capacity and innovative thinking.