二维材料中的热电效应是凝聚态物理领域的前沿研究方向之一，而微纳热电器件中的微区热场梯度大小对材料热电信号的强弱起着决定性作用.本文利用COMSOL模拟软件，运用三角形网格与扫掠网格相结合的网格划分方式，对微纳热电器件中的微区热场分布进行了模拟分析，通过对比不同加热丝形状、长度、厚度、宽度、加热电流等因素下的热场分布模拟结果，发现矩形加热丝所产生的温度梯度最为显著，揭示了温度梯度随离加热丝距离呈反比例函数衰减的规律，解决了二维材料热电效应探测实验中如何在样品上获取大温度梯度的技术问题.本文可以为微纳热电器件中的加热丝等微加工结构设计与制备提供有力指导.

 The thermoelectric effect in two-dimensional materials is one of the cutting-edge research directions in condensed matter physics, and the magnitude of the micro-area thermal field gradient in two-dimensional thermoelectric devices plays a decisive role in the strength of the thermoelectric signal. This article uses COMSOL simulation software and uses a grid partitioning method that combines quadrilateral grid and swept grid, and simulates the thermal field distribution in two-dimensional thermoelectric devices. By comparing the simulation results of thermal field distribution under different heating wire shapes, lengths, thicknesses, widths, and heating currents, etc., it is found that the temperature gradient generated by rectangular heating wires is the most significant, which reveals the law that the temperature gradient decays with the distance from the heating wire as an inverse proportional function, and solves the technical problem of how to obtain a large temperature gradient on the sample in the thermoelectric effect detection experiment of two-dimensional materials. This article will not only provide strong guidance for the design and preparation of micro-nano structures such as heating wires in two-dimensional thermoelectric devices, but also has important significance for improving thermoelectric conversion efficiency and solving the heat dissipation problem of highly-integrated mictro-nano devices.