彭罗斯镶嵌图是一种典型的准周期性图案，该结构的衍射有丰富的物理内涵. 本文以探究彭罗斯镶嵌图形的衍射为基础，探索了在面向物理专业学生的《普通物理实验》，以及面向非物理专业理工科本科生的《大学物理实验》中开设复杂结构衍射实验的可能性和可行性. 本实验教学内容初步设计为学习使用计算机编程生成彭罗斯镶嵌图、利用空间光调制器加载图形、自行搭建衍射装置、测量实验数据、基于衍射图样分析复杂结构图形. 本实验突破了传统周期性结构的限制，引导学生深入探究准周期性结构的衍射特性，实验方案不仅充实了普通物理实验课程衍射相关实验内容，还培养了学生的实验设计能力、动手能力和科学素养，具有重要的教学意义和应用价值. 

The Penrose tiling is a typical quasi-periodic pattern, and the diffraction of this structure has rich physical connotations. Based on the investigation of diffraction of Penrose tiling, this paper explores the possibility and feasibility of offering an experiment on diffraction of complex structures in Experiments of General Physics for physics majors, as well as University Physics Experiments for non-physics majors in science and engineering undergraduates. The teaching content of this experiment is preliminarily designed to learn to use computer programming to generate Penrose tiling, use spatial light modulators to load the graphics, build the diffraction setup by oneself, measure the experimental data, and analyse the complex structural graphics based on the diffraction patterns. This experiment breaks through the limitations of traditional periodic structures and guides students to explore the diffraction characteristics of quasi-periodic structures in depth. The experimental programme not only enriches the diffraction-related experimental contents of the general physics experimental courses, but also cultivates students' experimental design ability, hands-on ability and scientific literacy, which is of great significance in teaching and application.