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经典物理:理论力学和电动力学的贯通

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  • 重庆大学物理学院,重庆401331
秦思学(1984—),男,四川内江人,重庆大学物理学院,教授
秦思学,E-mail: sqin@cqu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2025-09-09

  修回日期: 2025-10-19

  网络出版日期: 2026-04-19

Classical physics: the integration of theoretical mechanics and electrodynamics

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  • School of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China

Received date: 2025-09-09

  Revised date: 2025-10-19

  Online published: 2026-04-19

摘要

传统的所谓“四大力学”物理教学体系注重“拆分”而忽视“整合”.特别是,理论力学和电动力学长期处于几乎割裂并且低存在感的状态.一方面,理论力学注重力学运动规律和力学原理,缺乏对力的本质问题的讨论,而电动力学恰好用场的语言揭示力的本质;另一方面,电动力学注重电磁场的实验规律和运动方程,缺乏对电磁场的本质问题的讨论,而理论力学恰好从基本自由度的角度揭示电磁场的本质.从这两方面出发,我们尝试建立一个贯通理论力学和电动力学的“经典物理”体系:课程基础、拉格朗日力学、哈密顿力学、经典力学应用、力与场的对应、电磁场的规律、静态电磁场、动态电磁场、相对论简介.该体系削弱具体力学和电磁学问题的求解,而着重展示经典物理中深刻的原理、美妙的结构、广泛的联系.

本文引用格式

秦思学 . 经典物理:理论力学和电动力学的贯通[J]. 大学物理, 2026 , 45(1) : 1 . DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.250502

Abstract

The traditional physics teaching system of the so-called “four core mechanics” emphasizes “disassembly” over “integration”. In particular, theoretical mechanics and electrodynamics have long been virtually disconnected and underrepresented. On the one hand, theoretical mechanics focuses on the laws of motion and mechanical principles, lacking a discussion of the nature of forces, whereas electrodynamics precisely reveals the nature of forces through the language of fields. On the other hand, electrodynamics focuses on the experimental laws and equations of motion of electromagnetic fields, lacking a discussion of the nature of electromagnetic fields, whereas theoretical mechanics precisely reveals the nature of electromagnetic fields from the perspective of fundamental degrees of freedom. Drawing on these two perspectives, we attempt to establish a “classical physics” system that integrates theoretical mechanics and electrodynamics: course foundations, Lagrangian mechanics, Hamiltonian mechanics, applications of classical mechanics, correspondences between forces and fields, laws of electromagnetic fields, static electromagnetic fields, dynamical electromagnetic fields, and an introduction to relativity. Instead of the solution of specific mechanical and electromagnetic problems, this system emphasizes the profound principles, beautiful structures, and extensive connections of classical physics.

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