本文基于Rasch模型，以573名大学生为被试，对四份热学概念测评量表(TCE、HTCE、TCS和STPFaSL)进行质量检验，以评估其测量特性及在不同文化背景下的适用性.研究结果表明，四份量表整体质量较好，能较好反映出学生对相关热学概念的理解水平，但极个别题目难度未完全覆盖所有被试能力水平，还需优化.国内受试者的平均得分普遍高于国外受试者，但两者在四份量表中各题目的得分趋势保持一致，表明两者在热学概念理解方面具有一定共通性.

Based on the Rasch model, this paper conducted a quality test on four thermal concept scales (TCE, HTCE, TCS, and STPFaSL) with 573 college students as participants in order to assess their measurement properties and applicability in different cultural contexts. The results of the study show that the overall quality of the four scales is relatively good, which can properly reflect the level of students’ understanding of the relevant thermal concepts, but the difficulty of very few questions does not fully cover the ability level of all participants, and needs to be optimized. The average scores of domestic participants were generally higher than those of foreign participants, but the trend of scores of domestic and foreign students on the four scales remained consistent, indicating that they have some commonalities in their understanding of thermal concepts.