Volkov态作为描述自由带电粒子在平面电磁波背景下量子动力学的精确解，是强场电离和非线性散射等理论框架中的核心要素．本文从Dirac方程出发推导Dirac-Volkov解，并在非相对论与固定自旋近似下获得显式包含非偶极修正的Schrdinger-Volkov态．进一步利用Hamilton-Jacobi方程给出对应的经典作用量与经典物理图像，阐明不同理论框架下的Volkov描述在相位结构上具有内在统一性，揭示了粒子在强激光场中的横向振荡、纵向漂移和有效质量增加等效应的物理机制．

The Volkov state, as an exact description of the quantum dynamics of a free charged particle in a plane electromagnetic field, is a central ingredient of theoretical frameworks for lasermatter interaction. In this work, within a unified planewave model, the Dirac equation is solved to obtain the Dirac–Volkov solution, which is then reduced, under nonrelativistic and fixedspin approximations, to a Schrdinger–Volkov state that explicitly incorporates nondipole modification. The Hamilton–Jacobi equation is further employed to construct the corresponding classical action picture. The analysis clarifies that Volkov descriptions formulated in different theoretical frameworks share an intrinsically unified phase structure, which reveals mechanisms of the particle’s transverse oscillations, longitudinal drift, and effectivemass effects. It is also shown that nondipole modification can be interpreted as the effective coupling between the particle momentum and the laser field.