平均自由程是物理学中的基本概念，揭示了微观粒子运动的统计规律，在气体动力学、凝聚态物理、粒子物理与原子核物理等领域具有重要的应用．本文基于不同物理模型对平均自由程公式进行分析和推广，旨在引导学生在已有知识框架中发现新问题，并通过探究问题加深对物理图像的理解．在教学过程中，强调知识和方法的应用及迁移，可以激发学生的学习兴趣，培养其科学思维和物理探究能力．

The mean free path is a fundamental concept in physics that reveals the statistical nature of microscopic particle motion. It plays a crucial role in various fields, including gas dynamics, condensed matter physics, and particle and nuclear physics. This paper analyzes and generalizes the mean free path formula based on different physical models, aiming to guide students in identifying new problems within existing knowledge frameworks and to deepen their understanding of physical principles through inquirybased learning. The teaching approach emphasizes the application and transfer of knowledge and methods to stimulate students’ interest, foster scientific thinking, and enhance their ability to investigate physical phenomena.