本文主要研究了垂直发射水瓶火箭的动力学属性，通过理论建模与实验相结合，深入探究其垂直发射过程中加速度的变化规律.基于变质量运动属性，考虑水的喷射反冲、空气阻力、重力等因素，理论推导水瓶火箭发射加速度的解析公式，利用加速度传感器测量发射过程中的瞬时加速度，通过理论与实验结果对比，分析影响水瓶火箭垂直发射加速度的主要因素，包括初始装水量、瓶内初始气压、瓶体体积、喷口截面积等.研究结果表明在不同气压下，理论结果与实验数据高度吻合，证明了理论模型的正确性与合理性.本结果为优化水瓶火箭发射性能提供了理论与实验依据.

This study focuses on the vertical launch of a water bottle rocket and explores the law of acceleration change during its vertical launch through a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental measurement. Based on variablemass motion, a dynamic model considering factors such as water jet recoil, air resistance, and gravity is established, and the theoretical calculation formula for the vertical launch acceleration of the water bottle rocket is derived. Meanwhile, an acceleration sensor is used to measure relevant data during the launch process. By comparing theoretical and experimental results, the main factors affecting the vertical launch acceleration of the water bottle rocket are analyzed, including initial water filling volume, initial air pressure inside the bottle, bottle volume, and nozzle crosssectional area. The research results show that the theory is highly consistent with the experiment under different pressures. The achievements of this study provide a theoretical and experimental basis for optimizing the launch performance of water bottle rockets.