Abstract: The biographies of Cockcroft and Walton are outlined.How Cockcroft drew inspiration from Gamow＇s theory an d submitted his plan of construct a high-voltage accelerator is reviewed.How th ey surmounted difficulties and accomplished the experiment of transmutation of n uclear by artificial means is recounted.The important factors which made them success such as they could seize the opportunity,cooperate in harmony wit h each other,work diligently and be undaunted by repeated setbacks are analyzed.

Key words: transmutation of atomic nucl ei artificially, Cockcroft, Walton, high-voltage accelerator, Gamow