properties and compositional structure. The detection of atmospheric wind field has become the frontier science and

popular research topic in the world now. The basic theory for the passive detection of wind fields in the upper

atmosphere ( 80～300km) is the interference imaging technique and the Doppler effect of electromagnetic waves. The

paper explains the formation of airglow ( aurora) ，the Doppler effect of electromagnetic waves，and the two-beam

interference. The principle of the speed of the atmospheric wind field，temperature and particle radiation are known

　　by detecting the Doppler shift of the target air glow spectrum is discussed. The four -intensity detection theory is

　　presented，in which the observation of frequency shift is converted into phase and interferogram observation because

　　frequency shift is difficult to observe for its small value. It is shown that the ingenuity and perfection of the application

　　of the fundamental principles of electromagnetism and optics in today's high - technology，which will inspire the

　　application of basic knowledge of physics and the association of the innovative thinking of scientists.