The surface morphology and crude oil distribution of natural core and artificial core cuttings are detected by a reflective terahertz spectral imaging system，and the results of sample analysis with scanning electron microscope complemented each other and confirmed each other. Due to the distribution of pores and minerals，the terahertz time-domain spectral ( THz-TDS) amplitudes at different locations have significant differences，and the difference in THz-TDS amplitude decreases after filling the pores with crude oil. This experiment combines the new optical method of terahertz technology and the knowledge related to petroleum geology，which can stimulate students’scientific research interest and cultivate innovative spirit.