Optics is an important branch of college physics, which involves studies on the properties and phenomena of light, including knowledge of light propagation, refraction, reflection, interference, diffraction, polarization,etc. In the Fundamental physics course, optics is compulsory and students mastery of optics concepts can effect the quality of physics teaching some degree. An optics concept inventory is first developed and then distributed online to students in a top lies university.Data is collected and analysed,and accordingly assessment of the teaching and learning is done.Besides,the preliminary practice in developing the inventory is evaluated in detail.