By using finite temperature field theory and F-L model, we derive the effective potential at finite temperature as well as the field equations and related physical quantities of bubbles and droplets in the first order phase transition of the quark matter. Under different boundary conditions the bubble or droplet solutions are numerically solved. Through bubble or droplet nucleation phenomenological model, the formation mechanism of bubbles and droplets in the quark/hadron phase transition is analyzed. The properties of bubbles and droplets are numerically studied by comparison through which the physical pictures and variation features of bubbles and droplets in the phase transition have been illustrated. Our methods and results may have possible applications in the study of the system of QGP phase transition for experiments on heavy ion collisions and the neutron star structures or the evolution of the cosmological phase transition in the early universe.