Laser holographic imaging experiment is an important part of modern physics experiment in university. By using the principle of light interference, the object light and reference light which meet the coherent conditions are recorded on the dry holographic plate in the form of interference fringes to form a hologram. The amplitude and phase information of the light wave reflected by the object can be recorded to form a threedimensional and vivid threedimensional holograms image. Due to the high complexity of the experiment, the imaging effect is often affected by many factors and it leads to a high failure rate of the experiment. In this paper, the effects of the intensity ratio and the optical path difference of object light to reference light and the parameter characteristics of the light source on the imaging results are analyzed. At the same time, a new method to obtain the interference fringes under the same conditions by designing optical path is proposed so that the results of holographic imaging can be described quantitatively. Finally, the optimal parameters of imaging are obtained, which provided a good reference for the improvement of experimental success rate and imaging effect.