The introduction of mature scientific research results into experimental teaching can effectively maintain the advanced and sustainable development of experimental teaching, which has become one of the hot spots of practical teaching reform. Here, the high-speed physical random number generation are introduced into optoelectronic experiments, where the broadband chaotic signal with high uncertainty and high complexity are used as the physical entropy source of high-speed physical random numbers, utilizing semiconductor laser with optical feedback. The experiment involves a wide range of courses and the combination of software and hardware, which can fully exercise students experimental skills and cultivate students sense of innovation and scientific spirit.