Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel detection technology proposed in recent years, that achieves medical imaging by tracing the spatial distribution of the concentration of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles through a high-gradient magnetic field. Given the current lack of research on the application of superconducting coils in MPI, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of using high-temperature superconducting MgB2 coils to construct the gradient magnetic field in an MPI system through virtual simulation methods. Compared with traditional copper coils, MgB2 coils can significantly reduce the size and weight of the equipment while providing a finer scanning area and a higher magnetic gradient.