College physics, as a compulsory public foundation course for science and engineering students in higher education institutions, plays a significant role in cultivating students′ scientific thinking and subsequent professional courses learning. Based on the analysis of download statistic and final examination test paper scores, this paper effectively examines the gains and losses of students in understanding various course knowledge points. It identifies the issues existing in the teaching process and proposes corresponding strategies to optimize college physics instruction. The ultimate goal is to enhance the teaching effectiveness of college physics course.