Based on the experimental phenomena and measurement data of sound speed, a resonance frequency fitting model and a physical model of sound wave cone-shaped propagation attenuation formed by multiple reflections and superposition of sound waves at the source and receiver ends are proposed. According to the above models, the formulas for sound pressure amplitude and phase are derived, and a program is written and verified with actual measured data, obtaining the necessary parameters. The results show that the cone wave model is well consistent with the experimental data of both the resonance interference method and the phase comparison method, and the derived parameters provide theoretical guidance for the teaching of sound speed measurement and the construction of virtual simulation systems.