Wolfgang Pauli is one of the most important theoretical physicists in the 20th century. The Exclusion Principle proposed is a milestone in the development of quantum mechanics. It not only laid an important foundation for quantum mechanics, but also provided key theoretical tools for physicists to understand the structure and behavior of the microscopic world and study modern physics. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Exclusion Principle and the 80th anniversary of the Nobel Prize in Physics for this achievement, this article reviews the background of the proposal of the Exclusion Principle, the development process and its application in modern physics, aiming to explore the historical evolution and influence of Pauli and the Exclusion Principle from the foundation of quantum mechanics to modern physics.