Matlab has been widely used in college physics teaching because of its visualization, simulation and other functions. At present, the research on Matlab-assisted college physics teaching mainly focuses on teachers′ use of Matlab, which relatively ignores students′ subjective initiative. In this study, the problem-driven teaching of college physics based on Matlab is designed to guide students to participate in program design, so as to help students build physical images, improve problem-solving ability, cultivate divergent thinking and establish particle system dynamics.