Starting from the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents in basic science at “Double First-Class” universities, and based on Constructivism learning theory, this study integrates the cultivation of scientific aesthetic quality, with a student-centered approach to identify the key factors for evaluating ideological and political education in courses. Using university physics courses for basic science majors as an example, a multi-dimensional evaluation index system for ideological and political education in the course is constructed. The Analytic Hierarchy Processis applied to calculate the weight of each index and the overall hierarchical weight table for quantitative analysis of the ideological and political education evaluation. This study provides reference and practical insights for the design of ideological and political education in courses aimed at cultivating top-tier innovative talents in universities.