A quantum energy level measurement experimental setup based on an ensemble of NV centers is designed and implemented. By combining optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technology, this setup achieves high-sensitivity measurements of electron spin energy levels at low cost. Using nanodiamond clusters to enhance fluorescence signals and integrating confocal microscopy systems with microwave frequency sweeping techniques, the Zeeman effect and temperature response of electron spin energy levels are observed at room temperature. This experimental scheme is suitable for college physics education, helping students understand the principles of quantum energy level measurements and solid-state quantum sensing technologies.