Based on the Euler-Heisenberg nonlinear electrodynamics theory, we investigate the characteristics of photon propagation in the effective spacetime geometry under strong electromagnetic fields. By constructing a spherically symmetric curved spacetime model, we derive the effective metric equations governing photon motion and calculate the light deflection effect in a spherically symmetric gravitational field. Numerical results indicate that the nonlinear correction-induced deflection angle reaches an observable order of magnitude (arcsecond scale) only when the source charge attains an extremely high value of approximately 1010C.