This article is based on the educational philosophy of OBE (outcome-based education), breaking away from the traditional teacher-led scheme and student-execution of experimental steps in teaching methods. It proposes a new experimental teaching approach, i.e. the students design the experimental schemes independently, while the teachers provide approval, feedback, and follow-up, so as to explore the student-led teacher-responsible experimental teaching model. Typically, taking the measurement of optical fiber loss as the theme and following the "device—system" knowledge map, it combines existing discrete verification experimental projects, designing and developing exploratory experiments for distributed optical fiber loss measurement that is in line with cutting-edge technology. This enhances students′ ability to apply multiple knowledge points comprehensively, improves  students′ independent inquiry and innovation capabilities, and forms an experimental teaching philosophy of "autonomy in scheme, systematization in process, diversity in results, and comprehensiveness in grading, further improving the quality of innovative talent training.