Aiming at the deficiencies of traditional gravitational acceleration measurement experimental devices, this study has developed a high-precision automated measurement device based on the falling-ball method for experimental teaching. The device employs high-precision Hall sensors and an ESP32 microcontroller to process analog signals through algorithmic methods. After multiple rounds of instrument optimization and algorithm debugging, the device is capable of accurately determining the gravitational acceleration. Experimental results show that compared with the reference value of gravitational acceleration in Yinchuan, the measurement error of the system is less than 2.5%. The device effectively reduces experimental errors and overcomes the visual errors and operator reaction time biases introduced by the use of stopwatches, photoelectric gates, or dot timers in traditional experiments. It is of great significance in stimulating students' interest in learning physics experiments.