关键词: 费米黄金定则, 电偶极子, 固体物理

Abstract:  Fermi^,s golden rule is a theory describing the probability of wave function of a system changing from one characteristic state to another, which can well elaborate the absorption and emission of solid luminescent materials. However, the derivation process of Fermi^,s golden rule is relatively complex, and students do not understand the results of the derivation, which affects the follow-up teaching progress and the overall teaching quality. In this work, the derivation of the Fermi^,s golden rule formula is reviewed. Based on this rule, an energy transfer rate between electric dipoles of a donor-acceptor system is derived, which demonstrates that the energy transfer between the electric dipoles is inversely proportional to both the square of dielectric constant and the sixth power of coupling distance. This result provides a theoretical basis for regulating the energy transfer rate between electric dipoles. In addition, an ion dipole-atom dipole energy transfer model is established according to the Fermi^,s golden rule formula and their energy transfer rate is derived. The proposed theory clarifies the energy dissipation mechanism of excited states of emitting centers, and provides effective measures to enhance the emission efficiency. This application example enables students to better understand the physical meaning of the Fermi^,s golden rule.

Key words: Fermi^,s golden rule, electric dipole, solid state physics