关键词: 二维周期势场, 布拉格散射, 分裂算符法, 波包散射

Abstract: The electron crystal diffraction experiment, which validated the de Broglie hypothesis of matter waves, is a significant event in the history of the establishment of quantum mechanics. This paper explores the phenomenon of Bragg scattering of massive particles, such as electrons, by numerically simulating the scattering process of wave packets in a two-dimensional periodic arrangement of delta potentials, supplemented by analytical calculations. The study demonstrates the evolution characteristics of the scattering process and analyzes the influence of relevant parameters on the scattering pattern, providing an intuitive physical picture for the teaching of high-dimensional scattering in quantum mechanics.

Key words: two-dimensional periodic potential field, Bragg scattering, split-operator method, wave packet scattering