关键词: 频磁相互作用, 交换耦合, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用, 第一性原理, 拓扑磁性

Abstract: Exchange coupling mechanisms in magnetic materials are fundamental to understanding magnetic interactions. Traditional university-level physics often emphasizes symmetric exchange interactions, such as Heisenberg exchange, which describes parallel or antiparallel spin alignment. However, the antisymmetric exchange interaction  known as the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) introduces unique physical phenomena by promoting noncollinear spin structures like skyrmions and Néel-type domain walls. This paper expands upon the concept of magnetic interactions by introducing DMI, explaining its origins, first-principles calculation methods, and applications in real materials. Additionally, the discussion includes experimental techniques for measuring DMI and explores its role in spintronics and information storage. By incorporating DMI into magnetic interaction studies, students can gain insight into advanced applications of magnetic materials and the importance of symmetry-breaking interactions in modern physics.

Key words: magnetic interactions, exchange coupling, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, first-principles calculation, topological magnetism