大学物理 ›› 2008, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 1-1.

• 著者文摘 •    下一篇

热力学平衡态的涨落判据

彭涛 刘全慧   

  1. 湖南大学应用物理系理论物理研究所,湖南长沙410082
  • 出版日期:2008-06-25 发布日期:2008-06-20

The fluctuation criterion for thermal equilibrium state

  • Online:2008-06-25 Published:2008-06-20

摘要: 任何热力学量的涨落在平衡态下都不能太大.特别地,要求熵和能量的涨落不大,就可以给出低温下热力学平衡态的普遍适用的判据.一些算例表明,低温下即使10^23个粒子也不一定能达到热力学平衡态.

关键词: 少粒子体系, 低温, 熵, 能量, 涨落

Abstract: Every thermodynamic quantity in the thermal equilibrium state can never bear large fluctuation.Specially, a criterion is proposed for the existence of the thermal equilibrium state in order to obey the requirement that both energy and entropy fluctuations must be small. Examples show that the number of particles 10^23 may be not large enough to guarantee the thermal equilibrium state for some systems at low temperature.

Key words: system of less particles, low temperature, entropy, energy, fluctuation

中图分类号: 

  • O414.2