大学物理 ›› 2013, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 1-1.

• 著者文摘 •    下一篇

把玩单个微观粒子的量子系统——2012年诺贝尔物理学奖介绍

王义遒   

  1. 北京大学信息科学技术学院,北京100871
  • 出版日期:2013-01-20 发布日期:2013-01-20

Wave function and Coulomb correlation effect of Helium ground state

  • Online:2013-01-20 Published:2013-01-20

摘要: 2012年诺贝尔物理学奖因发明测量与操控单个量子系统的方法而授予了S.Haroche和D.J.Wineland.本文简单介绍这两位得主的主要贡献,对Haroche主要是利用微波腔测量单个光子,对Wineland则是利用离子阱囚禁并冷却了单个离子.文章介绍了这些方法的基本原理,同时指出了他们对阐释和验证量子力学理论,以及对实现量子计算机和特高精度原子钟等实际应用中的重要意义.

关键词: 诺贝尔物理学奖, 单个微观粒子, 量子系统

Abstract: By comparing the differences between the Roothaan-Hartree-Fock function, configuration interac-tion wave function and Hylleraas-type wave function of Helium ground state, we present intuitive figures to show the reason why Hylleraas-type wave function is more accurate than the others is that it reflects the Coulomb correlation between electrons correctly. A careful analysis of Hylleraas function indicates that Coulomb correlation tends to make the two electrons on the opposite side of nucleus; a simple model of Helium is proposed accordingly which can produce the ground state energy agreement with the experiment.

Key words: Helium, Hylleraas-type wave function, Coulomb correlation, Coulomb hole

中图分类号: 

  • O413