大学物理 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 31-.doi: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.220534

• 物理学史与物理学家 • 上一篇    下一篇

从物理学大师的失误中我们能获得的感悟和启迪是什么?

赵松年,于允贤   

  1. 1. 中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029;2. 国家地震局减灾中心,北京100029
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-28 修回日期:2022-12-22 出版日期:2023-10-16 发布日期:2023-10-18
  • 作者简介:赵松年(1939—),男,天津人,中国科学院大气物理研究所研究员,学士,主要从事量子力学与湍流研究工作.E-mail:zsnzhao@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(62071448)资助

What kind of enlightenment can we get from the mistakes of physics masters?

ZHAO Song-nian1, YU Yun-xian2   

  1. 1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 
    2. Disaster Relief Center, State Seismology Bureau, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2022-10-28 Revised:2022-12-22 Online:2023-10-16 Published:2023-10-18

摘要: 在物理学发展过程中,常有一些科学名人面对新概念、新发现出现判断失误的情况,这给年轻一代科研人员带来难以弥补的损失,有的误判也会阻碍当时科学的发展。通常对这种在科学史中并不少见的情况,有关文献或传记主要是从方法论、认识论方面进行剖析,有时还囿于对名人忌讳的潜在心理与习惯等因素,很少进行深刻的分析,其实我们不能奢望通过所谓方法论或心理学的分析试图改变科学大师、名家或权威的行为或习惯、思维定势;而是希望年轻的科技人员感悟出面对这类失误时,需要采取什么样的方式是可取的,以便至少减少可能造成的损失.与此不同,本文遴选了从量子力学创立以后,几位物理学大师由于个人的风格与专业背景的原因,对新概念和新的实验结果做出误判,使其共事的年轻人错失重大发现的机会, 这不能不说是非常遗憾的事.现在论述这些事例有无现实意义呢?科学在发展,新现象、新概念也会不断涌现,很难避免出现类似情况,它对当事人会有什么启迪?我们能从这样的失误中学到什么?无论是已经处于科研高位的科学家、导师还是青年一代的科研人员,读一读物理大师的失误,一定会从中感悟出宝贵的教训,得到深刻的启迪;从中感悟出坚持真理,修正错误的科学作风的重要性,并贯彻在自己的科研工作中.

关键词: 科学史, 大师, 失误, 启迪, 轶闻

Abstract: In the process of the development of physics, some scientific celebrities often make mistakes in judgment in the face of new concepts and new discoveries, which brings irreparable losses to the younger generation of researchers, and some misjudgments will hinder the scientific progress at that time. Usually, for this kind of situation, which is not uncommon in the history of science, the relevant documents or biographies are mainly analyzed from the aspects of methodology and epistemology, and sometimes they are also limited by factors such as the potential psychology and habits that are taboo to celebrities, and seldom conduct in-depth analysis. In fact, we can not expect to try to change the behavioral habits and mindsets of scientific masters, famous experts or authorities through so-called methodological or psychological analysis; instead, we hope that young scientific and technological personnel will realize what kind of actions they need to take when facing such mistakes. A way is desirable so as to at least reduce the possible losses. Different from this, this paper selects some physicists who have made misjudgments about new concepts and new experimental results due to their personal styles and professional backgroundssince the founding of quantum mechanics, causing the young people they work with to miss important discoveries. Opportunity, it must be said that it is a very regrettable thing. Is it practical to discuss these cases now? Science is developing, and new phenomena and concepts will continue to emerge. It is difficult to avoid similar situations. What enlightenment will it bring to the parties? What can we learn from such mistakes? Whether it is a scientist, a mentor or a younger generation of scientific researchers who are already in high scientific research positions, reading the mistakes of the masters of physics will surely learn valuable lessons and get profound enlightenment; importance and implement it in their own research work.



Key words:  history of science, master, mistake, enlightenment, anecdote