大学物理 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 18-.

• 教学讨论 • 上一篇    下一篇

金属中自由电子气问题的概率论求法

付强   

  1. 铜仁学院物理与电子信息工程学院,贵州 铜仁554300
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-24 修回日期:2025-03-05 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-27
  • 作者简介:付强(1982—),男,湖北黄冈人,铜仁学院物理与电子信息工程学院教师,博士,主要从事大学物理教学和凝聚态理论研究工作. E-mail: fuqiang2@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

A probability theory Solution of the free electronic gas problem in the metal

FU Qiang   

  1. College of Physics and Electronic Information engineering,Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
  • Received:2024-12-24 Revised:2025-03-05 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-27

摘要: 本文将金属中自由电子气中电子动量的允许取值(px,py,pz)看成三维随机变量,服从均匀分布,利用概率论相关知识求解金属中自由电子气问题,这种处理方法可以更好地帮助学生建立直观物理图景,理解金属中自由电子气模型相关概念. 

关键词: 自由电子气, 动量空间, 化学势, 费米能级

Abstract: This study regards the allowable momentum value of the free electronic gas in the metal (px,py,pz) as a three-dimensional random variable which obey the uniform distribution. Meanwhile, This study use probability knowledge to solve the problem of free electronic gas in the metal. It helps students to establish intuitive physical landscape and understand the relevant concepts of free electronic gas models in metal.


Key words: Freedom electronics gas, momentum space, chemical potential, Fermi energy level