大学物理 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 51-.doi: 10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.240227

• 物理实验 • 上一篇    下一篇

遍寻误差来源,培养问题证据意识和科学论证能力——以“验证玻意耳定律”的DIS实验为例

杨洲, 王晨宇,夏兴,刘锋,方伟   

  1. 1. 上海师范大学 数理学院物理系,上海200234;2. 上海市 星系和宇宙学半解析研究重点实验室,上海200234
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-11 修回日期:2024-06-11 出版日期:2025-04-18 发布日期:2025-04-28
  • 作者简介:杨洲(2001—),男,山东枣庄人,上海师范大学数理学院学科教学(物理)2023级研究生,主要从事中学物理教研工作.

Tracing error sources to cultivate problem evidence awareness and scientific demonstration ability#br# -- taking the DIS experiment of "verification of Boyle's law" as an example#br#

YANG Zhou1, WANG Chen-yu1, XIA Xing1, LIU Feng1, FANG Wei1,2   

  1. 1. Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; 2. The Shanghai Key Lab for Astrophysics, Shanghai 200234, China
  • Received:2024-05-11 Revised:2024-06-11 Online:2025-04-18 Published:2025-04-28

摘要: 本文以“验证玻意耳定律”DIS实验中出现的系统误差为对象,遍寻误差来源,分别提出并实施“补偿体积法”、“增大体积法”、“润滑油密封法”、“推拉改进法”等四种方法来减小系统误差,在科学探究的过程中培养学生的问题证据意识和科学论证能力.文中提出的实验设计方案和教学思路旨在培养学生的科学思维、科学探究和科学精神,最终提高学生的问题解决能力.

关键词: 玻意耳定律, DIS实验, 系统误差, 问题证据, 科学论证

Abstract: This article takes the systematic errors in the "Verification of Boyle's Law" DIS experiment as the object, explores the sources of error, and proposes four methods to reduce systematic errors, including "compensation volume method", "increasing volume method", "oil sealing method", and "push-pull improvement method". During the process of scientific exploration, it aims to cultivate students' Problem Evidence Awareness and scientific demonstrating ability. The experimental design scheme and teaching ideas proposed in the article can used to cultivate students' scientific thinking, scientific inquiry, and scientific spirit, ultimately improving their problem-solving ability.


Key words: Boyle's Law, DIS Experiment, Systematic Error, Evidence Problem, Scientific demonstration