关键词: 磁场规范势, 转动参考系, 正则动量

Abstract: When learning quantum mechanics and electrodynamics, the interaction between charged particles and magnetic fields is a crucial topic. However, the interaction between charged particles and the magnetic vector potential manifests in the Hamiltonian as a modification to the canonical momentum. This differs from the form of common conservative potentials, making it nonintuitive for beginners to grasp its physical essence deeply. Here, we provide a perspective for understanding the magnetic vector potential more intuitively by drawing an analogy with the rotating reference frame. The problems of a charged particle moving in a static magnetic field and a particle moving in a rotating reference frame share similar mathematical forms in their Hamiltonians and canonical momenta. Furthermore, the magnetic field strength can be analogized to the angular velocity of the rotating reference frame. Base on such a mechanism, we can see that atoms in a rotating reference frame will experience energy level splitting, which is analogous to the Zeeman effect in a magnetic field.

Key words: magnetic gauge potential, rotating reference frame, canonical momentum